Prevalence and Hematological Profiling of Thalassemia Traits in Males from Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Abstract

Thalassemia, a hereditary blood disorder, is highly prevalent in Pakistan, where the carrier rate ranges from 5-7%. However, the lack of reliable epidemiological data limits effective healthcare planning. This study aimed to determine the frequency and characteristics of β-thalassemia trait among the male population of Bahawalpur. A descriptive prospective study was conducted with a sample size of 50 individuals, from three regions of Bahawalpur (Noor Mehal, Faisal Colony, and Main City). Blood samples were collected and analyzed using complete blood count (CBC), hemoglobin electrophoresis, and G6PD screening. An HbA₂ level >3.5% was used as the cut-off for β-thalassemia trait. This study highlights a measurable presence of β-thalassemia trait, anemia, and G6PD deficiency among the male population of Bahawalpur. The results showed that 8% of participants were β-thalassemia carriers, 18% were anemic, and 6% had G6PD deficiency. The highest frequency of thalassemia trait and anemia was observed in the Noor Mehal region, while G6PD deficiency was more prevalent in Faisal Colony. These findings indicate regional variation in hematological disorders and emphasize the need for targeted screening and awareness programs. Moreover, incorporation of advanced diagnostic techniques, such as molecular screening, is recommended for precise detection of thalassemia and G6PD mutations.