https://psmjournals.org/index.php/vetres <p style="text-align: justify;">PSM Veterinary Research (ISSN: 2518-2714) is peer-reviewed, open access, multidisciplinary, international journal that publishes research on all aspects of veterinary and animal sciences.</p> PSM en-US PSM Veterinary Research 2518-2714 https://psmjournals.org/index.php/vetres/article/view/779 <p>Semen may be assessed for use in artificial insemination, infertility issues, and as part of the standard reproduction soundness assessment. The economic significance of farm animals having excellent breeding efficiency highlights the need for precise semen fertility prediction. The traditional metrics that have received the greatest emphasis have been the sperm concentration, motility, and morphology in the ejaculate. All these characteristics, however, do not address sperm function, and their clinical usefulness in predicting fertility is debatable. In a previous issue, Albaqly et al. reported that sperm patterns of abnormal semen deteriorated in motility, concentration, morphology, and viability, which demonstrated its low fertilization capacity. The results of several laboratory assessments or the simultaneous analysis of various sperm characteristics must be integrated to find the overall influence of multiple independent sperm parameters in order to boost the prediction ability of the assessment.</p> Muhammad Naeem Iqbal Asfa Ashraf Copyright (c) 2023 PSM https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 2023-06-30 2023-06-30 8 1 7 9 https://psmjournals.org/index.php/vetres/article/view/780 <p>No abstract is available.</p> Muhammad Naeem Iqbal Copyright (c) 2023 PSM https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 2023-06-30 2023-06-30 8 1 10 12 https://psmjournals.org/index.php/vetres/article/view/778 <p>Paramphistomosis (rumen fluke disease) is one of the most important parasitic diseases in animals lowering livestock productivity worldwide. It is a significant threat to global food security as a cause of morbidity and mortality in livestock in subtropical and tropical climates. Even though animals may tolerate mild to moderate parasite infection, excessive worm loads can result in substantial economic losses. The current choices for diagnosis and therapy are relatively limited, and addressing fundamental concerns about the biology of rumen flukes will be necessary to improve them. In order to handle this threat that rumen fluke infection poses to animals and the related implications to food security, it is critical that we get a deeper comprehension of the parasite biology and its interactions with its&nbsp;host. This review paper examines the latest developments in monitoring the spread of rumen fluke infection in livestock and suggests some research issues that need to be answered in order to provide future diagnostic and therapeutic tools for paramphistomosis to lessen its economic impact.</p> Iqra Iqbal Asfa Ashraf Copyright (c) 2023 PSM https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 2023-06-30 2023-06-30 8 1 1 6