Clinicopathological Consequences of Urinary Retention due to Urolithiasis in Indigenous Goats

Abstract

The current research has been conducted to determine the haemato-biochemical and urological changes in goats with obstructive urolithiasis. The overall occurrence of urolithiasis of the last ten years was recorded from Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. A total of 115 cases were recorded where 63% (n=73) were at the age of up to 6 months, 17% (n=19) were at the age between 7-12 months and 20% (n=23) of affected goats were >12 months old. Male goats were highly susceptible (n=110, 95.67%) than female (n=5, 4.33%). Occurrence in the winter (October-March) was higher (n=49, 42%) than rainy (n=45, 40%) and summer (n=21, 18%) season. In term of haematological variables, Hb (10.20 ± 0.47 gm/dL), PCV (28.67 ± 0.67%) and TEC (23.47 ± 0.38 ×10⁶/mm³) were increased whereas TLC (10.63 ± 0.35× 10³/mm³) and ESR (0.03 ± 0.03%) values were decreased in urolithiasis goats. Some important enzymes such as ALT (25.50 ± 0.25 IU/L), AST (16.20 ± 0.3 IU/L), and Creatinine (2.90 ± 0.35 mg/dL) were increased significantly in affected goats. But the values of serum Bilirubin (0.67 ± 0.12 mg/dL) were decreased in affected patients. Glucose level (6.50 ± 0.44 mmol/L) was elevated in affected goats and Total Protein was decreased (3.73 ± 0.27 gm/dL) in obstructive urolithiasis patients. Body electrolytes such as Na⁺ (139.20 ± 0.55mmol/L), K⁺ (4.27 ± 0.26mmol/L) and Cl^- (105.63 ± 0.46 mmol/L) were decreased in affected goats. In urinalysis, alkaline urine was found as usual. Proteinuria and calcium oxalate were detected in the urine of affected goats. During the ultrasonographic examination, distended urinary bladder with multiple calculi was observed in the patients of urolithiasis. Based on the above findings, this study might help the field veterinarians for fruitful management of obstructive urolithiasis in goats.