Programmed Necroptosis in Aspergillus salvadorensis under Oxidative Stress Conditions Caused by Hydrogen Peroxide in Conidias

Abstract

This study demonstrates the possible pathways used by the Aspergillus fungus in its growth and cell death using the KEGG result of DNA sample analysis sent by MACROGEN INC South Korea in 2024. Three concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (3%, 5% and 10%) were evaluated by direct microscopy applied to cultures in Saboraud samples of Aspergillus salvadorensis aliquots. This paper presents a procedure to induce and record the morphological changes and analyzes their relevance in research on pathogenicity and mechanisms of tolerance to oxidative stress. The results show a progressive deterioration of hyphal and conidial integrity, with marked structural loss at higher concentrations. In observations of dry fresh preparations, the hyphae show localized thinning and decreased turgor, while the conidiophores experience gradual deformations and the vesicles show irregularities in their shape and loss of uniformity, as well as in the conidia. Necroptosis in fungi of this species is manifested by the rupture of the wall, the release of cytoplasmic contents and the generation of granular detritus. The transition from a morphologically integral state to cell disintegration at 10% hydrogen peroxide occurs. Necroptosis in this fungus is strongly influenced by the intensity of oxidative stress, damage is not immediate except for inflammation of the conidia at its onset. Complete results are seen in five days at non-lethal concentrations, on average 15 days that the lethal invasive attack of destruction of Aspergillus is observed in the dry smears.