Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection: A Review of Transmission, Pathogenesis, Drug Resistance Development and Novel Control Strategies

Abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most prevalent bacterial infections and a major cause of disease and mortality globally. MRSA infections are mostly spread via direct contact with wounds, discharge, and dirty surfaces, or by indirect contact with infected objects or surroundings. MRSA often causes infections of the skin and soft tissues, including wounds, boils, abscesses, and pimples. The pathogenicity of MRSA is associated with the presence of certain virulent surface proteins and the synthesis of certain virulent toxins and enzymes. The growing incidence of MRSA in clinical and community settings can be attributed to the emergence and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant strains. In this Review, we provide an overview of transmission, pathogenesis, drug resistance development and the potential strategies for combating MRSA infections and the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance. It is still difficult to find the best therapies for MRSA, and in order to treat MRSA infections effectively in the future, researchers must look for diverse approach that includes both traditional and innovative therapies to mitigate the impact of MRSA.