Toxicity Studies cum Evaluation of Some Renal Parameters of Hypertensive Rats Administered Raw Urine of Some Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Sokoto, Nigeria

Abstract

Some key parameters of kidney integrity; the EUC (Electrolytes, Urea and Creatinine) were evaluated for both controls; viz normal (NC), hypertensive positive (PC) and diseased-state; hypertensive negative (HNC) controls and their tests peers in a 4 weeks research conducted with raw camel urine (CU) treatment groups in a bid to assess toxicity status of raw camel urine. An exposure with known Nitric Oxide Synthase; NOS inhibitor -Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester [L-NAME (50mg/kg/day)] made some albino rats hypertensive. 5 rats per each experimental group were randomly chosen and assigned to a respective study set. Only distilled water was given to NC and HNC rats during treatment but HNC in addition get L-NAME fraction tantamount to treatment menu based on their determined body weight; while PC received amlodipine (10mg/kg/day) additional to their [L-NAME] hypertension exposure (50mg/kg/day)]. CU treatments received CU graded doses at (100, 300 and 500mg/kg/day) concurrently with L-NAME which corresponds to CU1, CU3 and CU5. Results showed in HNC; creatinine and duo of K⁺ and Cl^- ions increased with significance (p<0.05) higher than NC. For CU3 and CU5 treatments, their urea values reassuringly almost align with NC, while CU1 and PC their urea results are analogous too. Na⁺, Cl^- and HCO₃^- remain substantially similar for controls and treatments. In conclusion, lower CU treatment dose used resembles NC for creatinine while its higher dose compares with PC in the obtained results; CU can be said to be safe and non-toxic.