Microspheres as Tools to Predict Animal Models for the Multi-Infarct Dementia

Abstract

Multi-infarct dementia (MID) is a severe type of vascular cognitive impairment caused by the accumulation of multiple cerebral microinfarcts (MMIs). MID, the most prevalent vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) subtype, is becoming an important health concern as life expectancy rises, particularly for those with age-related risk factors such diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Several animal models have been developed to mimic the MID pathological conditions that provide useful information for the study of new drugs in MID. Microspheres are classified as medical devices rather than pharmaceuticals because they constitute a therapeutic product. Practically speaking, this means that these agents must adhere to different rules than more conventional treatments. Microsphere-induced embolism (ME) resulting in MID depends on the number of microspheres. This review provides an overview of the dementia and properties of microspheres and their predicted role in animal model development for the management of MID.