Exploring the Interconnections between Diabetes, Hypertension, Heart Diseases, and the Vascular System

Abstract

The complex interconnections among diabetes, hypertension, heart diseases, and the vascular system are perplexing to unscramble and challenging to figure out preventive and management strategies. The trail between these four diseases is so closely interwoven. First, in the onset and progression of lifestyle-related vascular diseases, including diabetes and hypertension, the vascular system plays a crucial role and is combined with metabolic and micro-vascular systems within the affected body. Second, diabetes and hypertension are their own independent risk factors for increasing the abnormal structure and function of the large arteries, heart, kidney, and other peripheral organs. The development of diabetes and hypertension-related heart diseases is essentially in the vascular system, but the existence of extra-cardiac and/or intrinsic heart diseases can noticeably influence the heart’s performance and drastically render risk to less noticed, specific kinds of heart diseases. Third, the development of each type of arterial stiffness due to diabetes, hypertension, and other reasons is dissimilar, and in the same person, combined effects displayed more damaging results. However, it is also a life to be designed meticulously in order to fine-tune with the upper limits of the multiplicity of lifestyle-related risks so as to obtain the composite effects from these vantage points of onset and progression of these diseases and better learn how one can tailor the composite lifestyle-related preventive measures and management strategies. Fundamental advancement in vascular biology and understanding the roles of smoothed muscle cells, endothelium, and extracellular materials in relation to metabolism involving lipids, proteins, and each individually and holistically of the large and microvascular systems are prerequisites. Further, diabetes, hypertension, and heart and their related large arteries and landscapes are to be explored more thoroughly concerning abnormal structure, function, and related atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, and fibrosis.